Decades ago, alternators were known as generators, but both do the same basic job: they power other components. If it goes bad, your car will continue to work, for awhile (I'll explain how below). But, it plays an important role in the operation of your vehicle and if it fails, you should still have a mechanic replace it. In this article, I'll describe what this component does, the things that can go wrong with it, and the steps you should take when it malfunctions.
What It Does
Think of all the parts in your vehicle that need power: the ignition coils, car stereo, A/C system, headlights, and more. Most drivers think that their car battery is what delivers power to all of these components. In truth, it does. But, there's actually a lot more going on than most people realize. Enter, your alternator.
When you start your car, the battery generates an electrical current that ultimately cranks the engine. But, while driving, the battery needs a continuous source of energy. That energy comes from the gas tank. Here's how it works: your engine requires gas to operate. So far, so good. The crankshaft produces power which turns the serpentine belt. The belt turns the alternator which converts power from the engine into an electrical current that keeps the battery powered. See how it all begins in your gas tank?
How It Fails
What happens when this component malfunctions? Well, nothing immediately. That's because your battery can actually maintain a small reserve of juice to keep everything running, including the engine. If the part fails, turning off non-essential components (for example, the A/C, stereo, etc.) will help the battery conserve energy, allowing your vehicle to run longer. Eventually, the battery will go dry and your engine will stop turning because there's no energy left to power it.
A number of factors can contribute to an alternator not working properly. For example, if the serpentine belt becomes broken or loose, it can reduce the part's electrical output to the battery or cut it off entirely. Also, keep in mind that this part of your car's charging system does have a limited lifespan. Automakers seem fond of saying it will last for the life of your vehicle, but plan on replacing it after approximately 70,000 miles.
What To Do When It Fails
Assuming that it's the alternator that is actually failing (as opposed to a broken or loose serpentine belt), it will need to be replaced. Few, if any, mechanics will try to repair one. When it's time to find a replacement, use one that is rebuilt. They work just as effectively as new units, will last as long, and cost at least 40% less. And thankfully, once it's replaced, it'll last for years.
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